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GUIDELINES FOR A COLLECTION DEVELOPMENT POLICY

USING THE CONSPECTUS MODEL

概觀模式的館藏發展政策指南

International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions

Section on Acquisition and Collection Development

2001

Foreword 前言

This booklet is a brief guide on how to write a collection development policy, making use of the Conspectus methodology. It is the result of the recognition by the IFLA Acquisition and Collection Development Section that its worldwide members lacked a handy introduction to this important subject. The guide is intended to be of particular value to staff new to collection development and in areas where there is little written tradition of collection development. We hope that it will be of practical use to librarians setting out on the sometimes daunting task of writing a collection development policy.

The booklet was written by Dora Biblarz with the assistance of other members of the A&CD Standing Committee: Marie-Joelle Tarin, Jim Vickery and Trix Bakker. The text is also available, in both English and French, on the IFLA website at http://www.ifla.org/VII/s14.

此本小冊子簡短地說明如何用概論方法來撰寫館藏發展政策。認識國際圖書館聯盟(以下簡稱「國際圖聯」)選擇及徵集單位，其全球成員缺乏一個方便的入門書討論這個重要問題。指南的目的對館員具有特殊價值，以發展新的館藏發展政策和一些幾乎沒有書面撰寫的館藏發展政策的地區。我們希望這將成為實際在設置館藏發展政策上遇到困難時有所幫助。 這本小冊子是在Dora Biblarz和其他在A&CD常設委員會成員：Marie-Joelle Tarin、Jim Vickery及Trix Bakker的協助下完成的。這篇文章在國際圖聯的網站http://www.ifla.org/VII/s14可以得到英文版和法文版。

Standing Committee of the IFLA Acquisition and Collection Development Section

March 2001

IFLA在2001年3月的館藏發展常務會議 

Contents 目錄

    Why a written collection development policy?                              1

    為什麼要書面的館藏發展政策？

     Selection

     Planning

     Public relations

     The wider context

Collection development policy elements                                       2

館藏發展政策要點

   Introduction

   General statements

   Narrative statements

   Subject profiles

   Collection evaluation methods

   Collection depth indicators

   Language codes

   Policy implementation and revision timetables

Appendix 1    WLN/OCLC Conspectus Divisions 6

Appendix 2    Conspectus collection depth indicator definitions 7

Bibliography   10

GUIDELINES for a COLLECTION DEVELOPMENT POLICY, using the CONSPECTUS model

概觀模式的館藏發展政策指南

WHY A WRITTEN COLLECTION DEVELOPMENT POLICY?

為什麼要書面的館藏發展政策？

The library's primary task is to select, maintain, and provide access to relevant and

representative information resources. Due to technological developments, libraries are, in the main, moving from holdings ('just in case') to access ('just in time') strategies. This implies that collecting policies are significantly changing and that libraries need to disseminate widely information on their collecting policies. A policy statement is a kind of framework and set of parameters within which staff and users work. It serves many functions beyond being merely a tool for selection of materials. In addition to describing current collections, it forces the staff involved to (re)consider the aims and objectives of the organization, both long and short term, and the priorities to be attached to different activities. It assists with budgeting, serves as communication channel within a library and between the library and outside constituents, supports cooperative collection development, prevents censorship, and assists in overall collection management activities, including the handling of gifts, deselection of materials and serial cancellations.

圖書館的主要任務是選擇、維護，並提供相關具有代表性的資訊。由於技術的發展，圖書館主要從館藏(「在一個問題的主題」)轉變成訪問(「在某個時間點」)。這意味著館藏政策的顯著變化：圖書館需要廣泛宣傳他們館藏的政策。政策說明是一種框架和設置範圍，也包含工作人員和使用者的管理。它適用許多功能不僅僅選擇資料的一個工具。除了描述當前的館藏，它迫使館員重新考慮組織的目標和宗旨，無論長期和短期，優先連接到不同的活動。它協助與預算編制，充當圖書館和圖書館之間和其外的溝通管道，支持合作館藏發展，阻礙審查制度，並協助全面館藏管理活動，包括處理能力、淘汰的資料和取消連載的刊物。

The main reasons for having a written collection development policy can be put under four broad headings:

書面館藏發展政策的主要原因可分成四大標題：

1. Selection 選擇

The primary function of a written collection development policy is to provide guidance to staff when selecting and deselecting (printed and electronic) resources for the local collection. The document serves as a guideline for each stage of materials handling. It might cover the selection, acquisition, processing, housing, weeding, retention, preservation (archiving in case of electronic resources), relegation and discard of all types of library material in the relevant subjects, with reference to specified levels of collection depth and breadth. This reduces personal bias by setting individual selection decisions in the context of the aims of collection building practice, and identifies gaps in collection development responsibilities. It ensures continuity and consistency in selection and revision. Moreover, it clarifies the purpose and scope of local collections, and allows selection decisions to be evaluated by, for example, identifying what proportion of in-scope published material has been acquired. Such a reference guide reduces the need of selectors to raise recurrent questions, and assists in the training of new staff. It also provides useful information to other library staff whose work is collection-based.

主要館藏發展政策是給工作人員，在是否收藏印刷或電子館藏資源上提供一個標準。每一階段的館藏處理上，該文件可以作為一個準則。它可能包括選擇、獲得、加以處理、收藏、淘汰、續留、保存(專論電子資源的歸檔)，對於所有類型的圖書館資料的有關問題降級和淘汰，並提及具體各級收藏的深度和廣度。這將減少個人偏見引響館藏發展的程度，並確定館藏發展的責任。它確保連續性和一致性的選擇和修改。此外，它明確的規範收藏的目的和範圍，並允許選擇的決定進行評估，例如，確定多少預計收藏的館藏已經取得。這樣的參考指南降低了經常性的問題的發生，並協助培訓新的人員。它還提供有用的資料給其他圖書館員，作為收藏工作的基礎。

2. Planning 計畫

A policy document provides a sound foundation for future planning, thereby assisting in determining priorities, especially when financial resources are limited. This provides a basis for the fair allocation of resources, and helps to protect library funds by explaining the rationale behind acquisitions bids. Having a formal publication to refer to ensures continuity and avoids confusion. Compilation of a formal document is beneficial in itself, in that it involves acquiring knowledge of existing collection strengths, and obliges staff to reflect on the library's goals.

The stated aims help other collection-related activities such as cataloguing, preservation and storage to form a coherent strategy, and support reader services, for example by identifying areas that are ripe for deselection, or more suitable for inter-library loan, document delivery or Internet access than for acquisition.

政策文件提供了良好的基礎為今後的規劃，從而可以確定需優先協助的事項，特別是當預算是有限時，這提供了一個基準來公平分配資源，並有助於節省圖書館的資金。在正式出版物中要確保連續性和避免混亂。彙編出一份正式文件，對於本身是有利的，因為它涉及到獲得館藏知識量的大小，並幫忙館員，也反映對於圖書館的目標。該聲明的目的是幫助其他有關於收藏的工作，如編目、收藏和儲存，形成一個統一的標準，並支援讀者服務，例如：哪些領域否決時機成熟、更適合於圖書館間貸款、文件傳輸或網路使用。

3. Public relations 公共關係

Formal policy statements can be useful in making the case for the library when dealing with both its users, administrators and funding bodies. They support the stated objectives of the organization, demonstrating accountability and commitment to agreed goals. Ideally, the compilation of the document requires the active participation of both users and administrators, thereby improving communication between the library and its clientele. The policy statement serves as a contract with the library's users; it has the function to demonstrate to individuals within an institution what they can expect of the library both in form of collections and of services. It enables individual selection decisions to be justified on a standardized basis. By referring to the official statement, library staff can deflect criticism or censorship arising from special interest groups, and politely but firmly refuse unwanted gifts, sectarian materials or potentially offensive items.

在圖書館對於正式的政策聲明對於讀者、管理者和機構是非常有用的。他們支持組織、表明責任和承諾協定的目標的既定目標。而最理想的情況是讀者和管理員積極的參與編輯文件，進而增加圖書館與讀者之間的溝通。政策聲明可做為一個圖書館與讀者之間的契約，他的功能有告知讀者服務項目與服務形式。使讀者在選擇上有一個依據基礎。而透過正式聲明，圖書館員可以減少批評或檢查書籍以圖利特殊利益集團，並可以禮貌地並堅定的拒絕不想要的禮物、宗派方面或潛在因素。

4. The wider context 更廣泛的範圍

As individual libraries are increasingly unable to provide all their services by themselves, they are banding together into cooperatives, alliances and consortia. For these ventures to work, there must be mutual knowledge and agreement on which library is collecting what. A written collection development policy therefore often serves as a basis for wider cooperation and resource sharing, whether in a locality, region, country, or even internationally.

因為個別圖書館越來越沒辦法獨自提供所有的服務，因此他們聯合起來成合作聯盟和集團。而對於這些合作圖書館的工作，必須有相互了解和協調，例如圖書館館藏收藏。因此書面館藏發展政策常常依此為基礎，來建立更廣泛的合作和資源共享，無論是在哪個地方、地區、國家甚至國際。

心得：

    在理解內容方面，這篇花了比上篇更多的時間，雖然大致都有了概念，但是在細節上要思考的地方就很多，不敢說完全的融會貫通，這是我閱讀此篇文章中感到惶恐的地方。