E. Collection evaluation methods評定館藏的方法
The techniques and processes used to gather data for collection assessment are briefly described below. The data ideally describe in a succinct fashion the strength and depth of existing collections and provide a basis on which to assign collection levels.
Some techniques are essential and should be used consistently, while others are valuable under certain circumstances and not always necessary. It is up to the individual conducting the evaluation to select the methods, which will be used for each segment of the collection. This decision is based upon the availability of data, the amount of staff and other support available, and the goal for the final outcome (how it will be used in the library/institution). The techniques available for evaluating collections may be divided into two groups: those that are primarily collection-centered and those that are client-centered. Collection-centered techniques examine the content and characteristics of the information resources in order to determine the size, age, scope and depth of the collection in comparison to an external standard. Client-centered techniques describe how the collection is used and indicate the effectiveness of the collection relative to use. Collection assessment is likely to be most accurate and produce the most useful results when combinations of client-centered and collection-centered techniques, including both quantitative and qualitative results are employed in the data gathering and description process.
技術和處理之下常常產生數據來給館藏評鑑做簡短地描述。簡明數據描述現有館藏的收藏強度和深度,提供一個基礎在那收藏上可以評定其水準。
有些技術是應該被一貫使用的,而其它在某種情況下雖然是有價值但不是必要的。這將用於收集的每部分由個人評估選擇方法並決定。這個決定基於數據的可用性、人員的數量、其他可提供的支持和最後的結果(將如何被圖書館/ 機構使用)的目標。可提供館藏評價的技術可能被分成兩組︰集中收藏館藏的技術和以讀者為中心的技術。
集中收藏館藏的技術檢查訊息資源的內容和特性,與一個外部標準相比確定收集的尺寸,年齡,機會和深度。以讀者為中心的技術被描述如何使用館藏和表明相對於使用館藏的效力。當結合讀者為中心和集中館藏的技術收集評價可能更準確並產生有用的結果,包括定量和性質上結果被用於收集數據和描述的過程。
- Quantitative Measures 定量標準
Quantitative measures reveal size, age, use, costs and other numeric data. Examples of quantitative measures include inventory, or shelf list measures to determine actual title or volume counts, by segment or subject area. Median age or similar measures indicate the currency of the materials. Amount expended for acquisitions in a segment or subject area per year illustrates the ongoing commitment to develop that area. Percentage of titles owned by a library when compared to a standard list shows the breadth and depth of the collection. Use statistics (including internal library use and ILL) are both collection and client-centered.
定量標準顯示尺寸、年代、使用情況、費用和其他數值的數據。例如包括館藏清單或確定實際書本或卷數,以部分或學科的領域。中間的年代或相似的措施表明資料的流通時間。每年在部分或學科的領域裡為獲得而用掉的數量,說明進行中承諾發展那領域的部分或學科。一座圖書館擁有館藏的百分比,當與一個標準表相比時,顯示館藏的廣度和深度,。以讀者為中心使用統計(包括圖書館內部使用和館際互借) 的收藏。
- Qualitative Measures 性質上措施
Qualitative measures are obtained through subjective evaluation and involve the professional judgment of librarians, appraisal from subject experts, or the opinion of customers. These techniques include impressions of the condition, character and appropriateness of a section of the collection. Another qualitative technique is the judgment made by comparison of one subject in the collection to a similar subject in another library, or to a subject bibliography.
性質上措施獲得主觀的評估和圖書館員的專業判斷、來自各學科專家的評價或者讀者的意見。 這些技術包括對收藏狀態性格的印象和選擇適合的館藏。 另一種性質上的方法是對照別的圖書館中相似學科或書目的收藏過程來比較做判斷。